Republic of Turkey

The Republic of Turkey is a beautiful transcontinental country. This post is about capital of Turkey, Religions in Turkey, it's currency, Anatolian Turks, Political figures of Turkey, ccTLD and so on.

>Turkey;

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>Introduction;

1. Official name of Turkey is (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) or "The Republic of Turkey ".
2. The independence day of Modern Turkey is 29th of October, year 1923.
3. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was first president of Modern Turkey.
4. Turkey is a transcontinental {present in two continents} country.
5. It is located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeastern Europe.
6. Turkey covers over 783,356 square kilometers (302,455 square miles)  area.
7. Turkey is bordered on its north by the Black Sea; northwest by Greece and Bulgaria; northeast by Georgia; east by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran; west by the Aegean Sea ; southeast by Iraq and south by Syria and the Mediterranean Sea.
8. It is the 17th most populous country in the world with 84,339,067 people .
9. Total population of Turkey is equivalent to 1.08% of the total population of the world.
10. Capital of Turkey is Ankara and it's largest city is Istanbul.
11. Old name of Istanbul was Byzantium.
12. Istanbul is transcontinental city, located in Asia as well as in Europe.
13. During the reign of "Constantine the great", it was named as Constantinople.
14. The most practiced religion here is Islam.
15. Islam came here in 11th century and was spread by Seljuks.

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>Ankara;

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1. Ankara is the capital of Turkey.
2. It is located in the country’s central Anatolia region,
3. Ankara lies about 200 kilometer (125 miles) south of the Black Sea . 
4. It is historically known as Ancyra and Angora.
5. Over 5,118,000 (5.1 million) residents live in metropolitan area  of Ankara.
6. Over 4,587,558 (4.5 million) residents live in the urban area.
7. Total area of Ankara is 24,521 square kilometers (9,468 square miles).
8. Ankara is an important commercial and industrial city of Turkey.
9. Ankara became the capital city of the Modern Turkey on 13th of October in year 1923.

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>Official Language of Turkey;

1. Turkish is the official language of Turkey.
2. The citizens of Turkey are also called Turkish.
3. It is spoken by 90% of population.
4. Turkish is also one of the official languages of Cyprus.
5. (*Cyprus = It is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean. The third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.
6. Turkish is a Turkic language spoken by around 88 million individuals.
7. It is basically spoken in Turkey and also in Northern Cyprus, Germany, Syria, Iraq, Bulgaria and in different areas of Europe and Asia.
8. Turkish language is a member of the Oghuz group of languages.
9. (*Oghuz languages = It is sub-branch of the Turkic language family.
10. Turkish, Azerbaijani and Turkmen are three languages of Oghuz group spoken by 108 million individuals.

>Religions in Turkey;

 Cami Minaret Dome 

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1. Turkey has been home to each of the three incredible uncovered religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam—for quite a long time.
2. Literally 99.8 % of Turkey consists of Muslim population .
3. The remaining 0.2 % of population consists of Christians and disciples of other officially perceived and recognized religions.
4. Sunni Muslims-(Hanafi and Shafi'i sects) are 78.2% to 84.7% (60 to 64 millions).
5. Shia Muslims -(Alevi, Ja'fari and Bektashi sects) are 9% to 14.5% (7 to 11 millions) in number.
6. In the total population of Turkey, there are around 250,000- 320,000 Christians (Protestants).

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>Anatolian Turks;

1. Turkish people or the Turks are also known as Anatolian Turks.
2. These are a Turkic ethnic group and nation living mainly in Turkey and communicating in Turkish.
3. The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethnic groups of Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Asia as well as parts of Europe and North Africa.
4. Turks did not have surnames until a law was passed requiring it in year 1934.
5. Turkish people like to eat desserts and might have 3 or 4 different kinds for their pudding.
6. Turkish people like to eat kebabs, that are made of lamb meat.

>Turkish Government ;

1. "Unitary presidential constitutional republic" is a system of government in Turkey.
2. Between 1923 and 2018, Turkey was a parliamentary representative democracy.
3. A presidential system was adopted by referendum in year 2017.
4. The new system came into effect with the presidential election in year 2018.
5. The politics of Turkey takes place in the framework of a presidential republic.
6. According to the Constitution of Turkey , its government system is based on a separation of powers.
7. (*Separation of powers = The division of government obligations into distinct/unmistakable branches.

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>Political figures of Turkey;

1. The President of Turkey is the head of state as well as the head of government at the same time.
2. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is a Turkish politician serving as the current and first executive president of Turkey since 28th of August in year 2014.
3. He was a Mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998.
4. Tayyip Erdoğan was also the Prime Minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014.
5. The current Vice President of Turkey since 10 July 2018 is Fuat Oktay.
6. Turkey changed from a parliamentary republic to a presidential republic.
7. Fuat Oktay is the 1st vise president of Turkey.
8. He also served as Undersecretary to the Prime Minister of Turkey from 2016 until his appointment as the vice president.
9. Mustafa Şentop is current speaker of parliament of Turkey since 24 February 2019.
10. (*Parliament of Turkey is also known as Grand National Assembly of Turkey or simply TBMM. It was found on 23rd April in year 1920.
11. Süreyya Sadi Bilgiç (since 24 February 2019), Haydar Akar , Nimetullah Erdoğmuş and Celal Adan (since 12 July 2018) are Deputy Speakers.

>GDP of Turkey;

                              GDP?

• Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period.

                              GDP (PPP)?

• Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measurement of prices in different countries that uses the prices of specific goods to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies.

Total GDP  (PPP)        $ 2.4 trillion
Per capita GDP  (PPP)        $ 28,294

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                             GDP (Nominal)?

• Nominal gross domestic product is gross domestic product (GDP) evaluated at current market prices.
• Nominal differs from real GDP in that it includes changes in prices due to inflation, which reflects the rate of price increases in an economy.

Total GDP  (Nominal)       $ 649 billion 
Per capita GDP  (Nominal)       $ 7,715

>Currency of Turkey;

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1. Turkish Lira is the official currency of Turkey.
2. The lira was introduced in Europe by Charlemagne (c. 742–814), who based it on the pound (Latin: libra) of silver.
3. One Turkish lira is subdivided into one hundred Kuruş.
4. 100 kurus are equal to 1 lira in Turkey. 
5. (*Kuruş {kr} = It is a monetary unit of Turkey. It is equal to one hundredth of a Turkish Lira.
6. The Lira sign (₺) is the currency sign used for the Turkish Lira.
7. Coins of Turkish currency are 1kr, 5kr, 10kr, 25kr, 50kr and ₺1.
8. The Banknotes of Turkey are ₺5, ₺10, ₺20, ₺50, ₺100 and ₺200

>Calling code (Turkey);

1. +90 is calling code of Turkey.
2. For international calls, dialing 00 code before 90 (country code) is must.
3. Istanbul is the exception and it gets two area codes for the European (212) and for the Asian side (216).

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>ccTLD of Turkey;

1. The Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Turkey is (.tr) .
2. "country code top-level domain" (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code.
3. All ASCII, ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all two-letter top-level domains are ccTLDs.
4. .tr is administered by NIC.TR Computer Center and Turkey Internet Society .
5. .nc.tr and .ct.tr are used as second-level domains for the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

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>National things and signs of Turkey;

 TULIPS 

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1. The national flower of Turkey is Tulip.
2. Tulips are usually large, showy and brightly colored.
3. These are generally red, pink, yellow, or white in color.
4. The official National Animal of Turkey is Gray wolf.
5. According to the Turkish legend, it is trusted that the Ancient Turks were raised by wolves like their offspring.
6. Redwing is the national bird of Turkey.

 GRAY WOLF 

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 REDWING SPARROW 

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